General knowledge

STUDY NOTES

·         NICHLOAS COPARNICUS  -      “On the revolution of the Celestial”

·         George Gamo -                       Big Bang Theory

·         Rakesh Sharma-                      03 April 1984  - Souyas T -11

·         Arthur Adington                      Solar Eclipse

·         ECG Sudarshan                        Weak Nuclear Forces

·         Adwin Hubble                          Red Shift

·         Isaac Newton                          Principia Mathematica

·         John Kepler                             Movement of Planets

·         Kepler 10 B                             New Planet Discover Lately

·         Japan Fukosima Nuclear         11 March 2011

·         State Animal of UP and MP    Barasingha

·         Yunani First put name             India

·         Rigveda                                   Oldest Veda (10 Mandal 1028 Shlokas- Vishwamitra)

·         Atharva Veda                          Medical Science  (Youngest Veda)

·         Rajtarangini                            Written by Kalhan

·         Ashtdhyayi                               Panini

·         Herodotus                               Father of History (Book- Historica)

·         Megasthenes                          Ambassador of Selucus (Book Indica & visited Chandragupta

Maurya)

·         Tolmy                                      Book “Geography of India”

·         Faihen                                                 Chinese traveler visited Naresh Chandragupta II

·         Hun sang                                 Visited in period of Harshvardhan

·         Albaruni                                  Arab writer visited with Md. Gaznavi

·         Study of document                  Epigraphy

·         First Metal                              Copper (used by Humans)

·         Sindhu Civilization                   Discovered by Raibahadur Dayaram Sahini

·         Lothal and Sutokotada            Sea port of Sindhu Civilization

·         Crops of Sindh Civilization      Rice and Jawar

·         Kalibangan                              Only haddapan place

·         Upnishad                                 108   

·         Puran                                       18

·         Old name of Mahabharata     “Jaisanhita”

·         Founder of Jainism                  Rishabha Dev  (I^st Tirithankar)

·         Lord Mahavir                          Birth Kundugram   (24^th Tirathankar)

·         Mahavir Preaching                       Prakrit (Language)

·         Jain temples of Khajurahoo          Chandel

·         Gautam Buddha                            Light of Asia  (Birth – Lumbani)

First Preaching                              Sarnath

Maximum Preaching                    Shravasti

Mahaparinivaran                          Kushinara

·         Ellora Kailash Temple                   Rashtrakuta

·         Rajeshwar Shiva Temple              Chola Ruler Raj raja I

·         Lord Krishna                                  Chandogdaya Upanishad

·         Founder of Islam                           Hazrat Mohammad

·         Pareses                                          Jairthustra

·         Haryak Dynast                               Bimbisar (Killed by son – Ajatshatru “Kunik”)

·         Last ruler of Haryak Dy.                Nagdashk

·         Shishunag                                      Founder of Shishunag Dy. (Nandivardhan- Last Ruler)

·         Nand Vansh                                   Mahapadam Nand (Last ruler – Ghanand)

·         Sikander                                        Follower of Arastu

·         Maurya Dy                                                Chandragupta Maurya (Economist –Chanakya)

·         Bindusar                                        Successor of Chandragupta

·         Ashok                                             Successor of Bindusar (Son Mahendra & Daughter

Sanghmitra)

·         Last ruler of Maurya Dy               Brahdrath

·         Sharyu Dynasty  (Brahmin)           Pushyamitra Sangas (Last Emperor – Devbhuti)

·         Kanav Vansh                                  First – Vasudev    Last  -  Susharma

·         Order of Foreign Invasion in India

Hind Yunani  à Shak àPalahavàKushan

·         After Shak 57 BC Started              Vikram Samvat & Start of Gupt Dynasty

Founder                                         Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)

·         Kanishk Rajvaidya                         Charak   (Charak Samhita)

·         Kanishk Poet                                  Ashvaghosh   (Buddhacharitra)

·         Einstein of India                            Nagarjun

·         Silk making was invented             China

·         Gupt Dyanasty à Shrigupta àChandragupta I àSamudragupta (Napoleon of India)

·         Samudragupta                              Love Music (coins marked with Veena)

Poet                                               Harishen

·         Samudragupta àChandragupta IIàKumargupta àSkandgupta (renovated sudarshan lake)

·         Last Emperor                                Bhanugupt (Maximum Gold Coin during period)

·         During Chandragupta II                Kalidas,  Dhanvantri, Vishnu Sharma, Aryabhatta

·         Vardhan Dynasty                           Founder Pushyabhuti

·         Harshvardhan                               Founder of Nalanda

Banabhatt  wrote Harscharita  & Kadambari

·         Pallav Dynasty                               Dantidurg (Founder)   Ellora (Krishna I)

·         Chalukya                                       Tailap II (Vilhan & Vizyanaishwar)

·         Chola Dynasty                               Laxmsen  (Court – Jaidev  “Geet Govind”)

·         Kalchuri Dynasty                           Rajsekhar (Poet)

·         Rana Kumbha                                Vijay Stambh (Chittora)

·         Arab Invasion                                Md Bin Qasim

·         Md Ganji                                       Invaded 17 tiems (First with Jaipal)

(Member of court –Albaruni, Firduasi)

·         Md Gauri                                       Tarain I and II Vs  Prithviraj

·         Gulam Dynasty                              Qutubuddin Aibak ( Dhai Din Ka Jhopada Ajmer)

·         Qutubuddin Aibak àAramshah à Iltutmish àRajiya à Ghiyasuddin Balban

·         Kiljji Dynasty                                 Jalaluddin Feroj Khilzi à Allahuddin Khilji

·         Tuglak Dyansty                                          Ghyasdin Tuglak à Md. Bin Tuglak

(Temporarily shifted Capital Delhi àDevgiri)

(African Traveller visited his reign Ibnbtuta)

·         Followed by                                   Firoj Shah Tuglak

·         Saiyad Dynasty à Lodi Dy            Bahlol Lodi à Sikander Lodi (Agra) à Ibrahim

·         Panipat I                                        1526  Ibrahim Lodi and Babar

·         Bhakti Movement                         Kabir 1425   (Varanasi – Lahartara)

·         Gurunanak                                                1469  (Talvandi)

·         Tulsi Das                                        1554 (Banda)

·         Mughal Period                              BabaràHumayaun (1530-1556)

·         Humayun Nama                            Gulbaden Begam

·         Shershah  à Akbar  (1542-1605) Bairam Khan Care Taker  à Salim (Jahangir)àShahjahan

·         Panipat  II                                      1556  Akbar & Hemu

·         Din E Ilahi                                      Akbar

·         Abul Fajal                                      Akbar Nama

·         Aurengjab                                    

·         Kheda Battle                                 1707    Sahu and Tarabai

·         Panipat III                                      Maratha & Ahmed Shah Abdali

·         1498                                              Vascode Gama (Calicut Sea Port /I^st European)

·         1596                                              Carnolis Duhastman (I^st Dutch)

·         I^st Governor of East India Co.        Tomel Smith

·         Portugese                                      I^st  Established in Cochin

·         English                                           I^st Established in Surat

·         Battle of Plassey                           1757 Clive and Sirajuddaullah

Mir Jafar cheated and Clive won (Mir Qasim replaced Mir Jafar)

·         Battle of Buxar                              1764  Britisher Vs Mir Qasim /Shah Alam

·         Guru Mukhi                                   Guru Angad

·         Amritsar Golder Temple               Harminder Saheb à Guru Arjun

·         9^th   Tegbahadur                             10^th Guru Govind Singh  (Khalsa Panthà 1699)

·         High Court at Calcutta                  1774

·         Lord William Bantick                    (1828-1835) I^st Governor General

(Abolished Sati and with recommendation of Maculay English was accepted as medium of instruction)

·         Lord Dalhousie                              Doctrine of Lapse (Founder of Railway in India 16.04.1853

·         First Viceroy                                  Lord Canning (1857 Battle)

·         Lord Litton                                     Muslim Anglo University – Aligarh (Vernacular Press Act)

·         Lord Rippon                                   Abolished Vernacular Press Act

I^st  Census in India 1872

Hunter Committee to review education policy

Florence Nightangle called Rippon as Developer of India

·         Partition of Bengal                        Lord Curzon

·         Firoz Shah Mehta                          Bombay Chronicle & Ganesh Shankaer à Pratap

·         Lord Chamsford                            Rowlatt Act

·         Chouri Choura                               1922

·         Barometer                                                Torosaley

·         Bycycle                                          Macmillon

·         Carbon Paper                                Roulf Wedgewood

·         Car (Petrol)                                   Carl Benj

·         AC Motor                                      Nichola Tesla

·         Film (with music)                          Le De Forest

·         Gramophone                                 Thomas Alva Edison

·         Logarithm                                     John Napier

·         Super conductivity                        H K Ounce

·         Safety Match                                 John Walker

·         Telegraph                                      Samuel Moarse

·         Television                                      J L Baird

·         Type Writer                                   Palagreen Teri

·         Electric Fan                                   Wheeler

·         Microscope                                   Z Johnson

·         Pressure Cooker                            Denis Papin

·         Solar System                                 Kopernicus

·         Planets                                          Kepler

·         1928                                              Simon Commission

·         1942                                              Cripps Mission

·         Shimla Pact                                   1945

·         Lord Mountbatten             India Independent

·         19 March 1019                             Rowlat Act

·         Kakori Riot                                                09 August 1925

·         Forward Block                               Subhash Chandra Bose (1939)

·         J Kriplani                                       Chairman Congress (At the time of Independence)

·         Charchil Called                             MK Gandhi (half naked begger)

·         M K Gandih                                   Mahatma                    (Ravindra Nath Tagore)                                                                            Rashtrapita                 (S C Bose)

·         Sardar Patel                                  Sardar (Bardoli Women)

·         S C Bose                                        Netaji   (Adolf Hitler)

·         Gandhiji Political Leader              Gokhale

·         A O Hume                                     Hermit of Shimla

·         I^st Muslim Chairman of Congress Baidruddin Tayabji

·         Indian Leader Participating all 3 Round Table Conference:        B R Ambedkar

·         Bramho Samaj                              Raja Ram Mohan Roy

·         Prathana Samaj                            Ranade & Pandarang

·         Ramkrishna Mission                     Vivekanand

·         Gadar Party                                   Lala Hardayal

·         Ajzad Hind Fauz                             Rashbihari

·         Partion of Bengal                          1907

·         Home Rule                                                1916 (Tilak & Annie Beasent)

·         Khilafat Movement                       1920

·         Swaraj Party                                  1923

·         Bardoli Satyagrah                         1928

·         Salt March                                                12 March  1930

·         Gandhi Irwin Pact                         1931

·         Inqualab Zindabad                        Bhagat Singh

·         Young India                                   M K Gandhi

·         Dante                                            Lead Renissance

·         Decimal Measurement                 France

·         Mother                                          Mexico Gorki

·         First World War                            1914 – 1918

·         Bismark                                         Founder of Silent Treaty

·         Second World War                        1939-1945

·         Chola Dynasty                               Village Management

·         Kakkori Kand Happens with Quit India Movement

·         Measurement started in period of Allaudin Khilji

·         Shershah graveyard                      Sarsaram

·         Sati was first abolished by            Akbar

·         Oldest Dynasty                              Nand

·         Konark Sun Temple                       Narsingh Dev

·         Md Gori defeated Prithviraj         Tarain II

·         Maulana Sheri Translated Rajtarangini in Farsi

·         Hammayun                                   Fisrt Ruler to prepare Bye laws

·         Khujrahoo                                      Chandel

·         Samudragupta I^st pillar architect   à Harishan

·         Roof of world                                Pamir

·         Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved

·         I^st Emergency in India                   1962

·         Fundamental Right                       USA

·         Article 370                                                J & K special state

·         Britain                                           Cabinetry Government

·         First Vice President                       S Radhakrishnan

·         Art 368                                          Amendment of Constitution

·         Art 88                                            Comptroller General(egkU;k;oknh) is not the member of

ministry(except in England) but participate in both House and have right to speak.

·         Art 315                                          Two state can have the common PSC Board

·         Venkatraman                                Vice President appointed with opposition (fuZfojks/k)

·         84^th Amendment                           The composition of Lok Sabha will not alter till 2026

·         Governor can nominate 1 member in Vidhan Sabha & 1/6 part in parishad

·         In which state the Governor do not reside the power for tribal Area- Orissa

·         Art 28                                            Abolishment of Religion teachings.

·         Hury Parliament was implemented  à 1989

·         26^th Amendment                           Abolished rights of Kings

·         Constitution Period                       2 years 11 Months and 18 Days

·         Starting of Parliament Session     Lok and Razya Sabha meet together & addressed by

President

·         1/10 of members of Parliament approves.

·         White revolution in India              Dr. V Kuriyan

·         Highest population Density State West Bengal

·         Bramhaputra                                Kailash Mountain

·         K-2 (Highest Peak)                                    Godwin Austin

·         Bhakra Nangal                              Sutlej River

·         Green Revolution                          Swaminathan

·         Ghana Bird Sanctuary                   Rajasthan

·         Haryanan                                      Lowest Forest Area (513 sq. Km  1.2 %)

·         Ganga is known as à                   Alakhnanda in its origin

·         Nagarjun                                       Krishna River

·         Kolleru  Lake                                 Andhra Pradesh

·         Vullar Lake                                                J & K

·         Pulikut lake                                   Meghalaya

·         Maximum Silver producing          Andhra Pradesh (42 %)

·         Peerpanajal Ranges                      J & K

·         Bomidilla Pass                               Arunanchal Pradesh

·         Loni River                                      Rajasthan

·         Forest area in India                       20.04 %

·         Haldiya Refinery                           West Bengal

·         Simplipal National Park                Orissa

·         Hirakund Dam                               Mahanadi

·         Jojila Pass                                      J & K

·         Rajghat Dam                                 Betwa

·         Nilgiri, Shevrai & Jansdi Ranges   Tamil Nadu

·         Tehri Dam get water from           Bhagirathi River

·         Rift Valley                                     Narmada River

·         Cardamom Hills                            Kerla

·         Tutikunn port                                Bay of Bengal

·         Kandla , New Manglore & Marangaon  à Arab Sea

·         Bahayaoni Ranges                                    Gaya

·         Nathula Pass                                 Sikkim

·         Idduki Electri Project                    Kerla

·         Sambhar Lake                               Rajasthan

·         India Has                                       16 Railway Zones

·         Kajiranga National Park                Assam

·         Ukai Dam                                      Tapti

·         Rana Pratap Dam                         Chambal

·         Thin Dam                                      Ravi

·         Periyar Hydel Plant                       Kerla

·         Damafa Sanctuary                                    Mizoram

·         UN                                                 24^th Octobe 1945

1^st President                                   Trigveli

192 Member                                 Montenegro

Present President                          Ban Ki Moon

Yukia Amho                                   President of IAEA (Intern. Atomic Energy Agency)

Gregri Star                                                New Security Chief

UN Chief of Staff                           Fijay Nambiyar  (Indian)

UN member for security council  15

Internation Court (Judges)            15

2010 UN Celebrated                     Biodiversity and Youth Year

UNICEF                                          New York

WHO                                             Geneva

World Development Report         World Bank

International Monetary Fund       Dec 1945

FAO                                               Rome

International Labor Org                Geneva

·         Robert Zoelok                               Chairman of World Bank

·         2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry   Venkat Raman Ramakrishnan

·         2009 Man Booker Prize                Hillary Motel

·         Nobel Prize was started                1901 (Sweden)

·         International Award for Jounalism           Pultzar

·         Special Oscar Award                     Pather Panchali

·         1^st Dada Saheb Falke Award         Devika Rani

·         Borlog Award                                Agriculture

·         Humayunama                               Bengam Gulbadan

·         Babarnama                                   Babar

·         Tujuke Jahangir                             Jahangir

·         Shahjanhanama                            Md Tahir

·         Pinjar                                             Amrita Pritam

·         Apprentiship of Mahatma                        Shobha Day

·         The Village                                    Mulk Raj Anand

·         Hindu View of Life                                    Dr. S Radha Krishnan

·         Aiane E Akbari                              Abul Fazal

·         Jafarnama                                     Guru Govind Singh

·         Odde to a nightangle                    Keats

·         Inheritance of Laws                      Kiran Devi

·         Tamil Ramayan                             Kamban

·         Digital Economy                            Donold Tapcost

·         Novel “Gora”                                Ravindra Nath Tagore

·         Wings of Fire                                 A P J Abul Kalam

·         Black Hole Theory                         S Chandrasekhran

·         1 Cosmic year                               Sun to revolve round Galaxy

·         Einstein Noble Prize                      Photo Electric Effect

·         Father of Geography                     Irratosthanis

·         India                                              32,87,263  sq Km

2.42 % of world                             8^o37’N-37^o6’N (29^o) 68^o7 E-97^o25’(29)

Standard Latitude                         82⁰30’ East  (Allahabad  à5 ½ Hrs)

Population                                     17.5 % of World

382 People /sq Km                        Sex Ration   à 940:1000

National Water Animal                 Ganga Dolphin

National High Ways                      222 (Largest à 7)

Highest Water Fall                                    Jog or Gorseppa  (Mahatma Gandi Fall Karnataka)

Largest Zoo                                   Zoological Garden Kolkata

Heaviest Rainfall                           Mausinram

Tropic of Cancer                           8 States

First Sung National Anthem          27 December 1911 (Kolkata Session) (The morning song)

                                                      Accepted 24 January 1950

Vandematram                               5 Stanzas (1 Min 05 Sec) àKahrava Raag

First Census                                   1872 (1881àDecade Census)

1^st Flydam                                      Sivasamudram 1902

Bengal Gazzet                               James Hicky

Hindi Newspaper                          Udant Martand

Aryabhatta                                    1975, 19 April

Durdarsan                                     1959 (New delhi)

Home Satelite                               Insat II A 1992

Nuclear Test                                  Pokhran (18 May 1974)

Missile                                           Prithvi 1988

Indian Army                                  Kariappa

English Channel                            Mihir Sen

Raman Magasy                             Vinoba Bhave

Noble Prize                                    R N Tagore

Lok Sabha Chairman                     Mavlankar

Grammy Award                            Ravi Shankar

World Billiard                               Willson John

Lenin Award                                  Dr. Saifuddin

Lady Governor                              Sarojani Naidu

UPSC          Chairman                    Roj Baithu

Chief Minister                               Suchitra Kriplani

Supreme Court                              Fatima Biwi

High Court                                     Leela Seth

Lenin Peace                                   Aruna Asaf

Gyanpeeth                                     Ashapurna

1766                                              First Postal  (Lord Clive)

1986                                              Speed Post in India

Largest Planet Satellite                 Ganymede

Sister of Earth                               Venus

Largest Rice Producing state        West Bengal

Yojana Ayog                                  Prime Minister

S Y Qurashi                                    Election Commissioner ( I^st Sukumar Sen)

NCPR                                             Shanta Sinha

National Calendar                         22 March 1957

Fundamental Right                       12 -35 Article

Right to Equality                           Article 14

Equal Opportunity                         Article 16

Abolition of Un touchability          Article 17

Panchayati Raj                              11 ^th Schedule

Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.       Article 32

Lok Sabha Member                       25 Years

Rajya Sabha                                  30 Year

Seat Reserved in Lok Sabha For SCà84  STà47  Anglo Indian à 02

First Chief Justice                          Heeralal Kaniya

Parliamentary form/Single Citizinship  à  Britain

Union Form                                   Canada

Fundamental Right                       USA

Duties                                            USSR

Directive Principles                       Ireland

Amendment                                  S Africa

Democratic                                   France

Emergency                                    West Germany

No. of Members                            Constituent Assembly à 292  (states) in all à389

Lok Sabha                                      530 (state) + 20 (UT) + 2 (President Recommendation)

Rajya Sabha                                  250 (238 + 12 (President))

Vidhan Sabha                                500 Least 60

8^th Schedule                                   22 Languages

First Election                                 1952

First Yojana Ayog                          15 March 1950

Panchayati Raj                              Nagaur Rajasthan 02 October 1959

Sarkariya Ayog                              Central and State

Arunanchal Pradesh CM               Doraji Khordu  (Helicopter Assassination)

Separate Bodoland                       Umbrella Group

Online Voting                                1 ^st State Gujrat

108 Amendment                           83 % Reservation to female

Mercy Killing                                 Euthratia

Gen V K Singh                                Accused for Date of Birth

Light fighting Plane                       Tejas

First Humanless submarine          ROV

Dhanush                                        Surface to surface

Prahar                                           Surface to Surface

Astra                                              Air to Air

Shourya                                         Surface to Surface

Admiral Goserkkov                       Flight Loading Ship

·         2 G spectrum                                A Raja and Kanimojhi

·         Nargrid                                          National Intelligance

·         Socio Economic & Caste Census   2011

·         11^th Five year plan                                    2007-12

·         Padmanabh temple                      1773  King Martand Verma (Dravid Art)

·         Bird Flue                                        H5N1

·         Emerging the Global Indian          9^th NRI Meet Jaipur

·         UID  (First)                                     Maharashtra Tembhali à Ranjana

·         National Heritage Animal             Elephant

·         Kamla Prasad Bisasar                   Trinidad & Tobega Prime Minister

·         CECA                                             Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement

·         World Bank                                   Robert Joellick

·         Nepal President                            Rambaran Yadav

·         South Sudan                                  193 UN Member

·         UN Section for women                  UN Women

·         G-20 June 2012                             Laus Kaibos (Mexico)  (2011 àFrance Kan)

·         NATO                                             28 Nation

·         Internet                                         Completed 40 yrs. 2 September 1969

Len Kleinrock 

·         Email                                             Ray Tomlinsun

·         WWW                                            Tim Beiners Lee

·         Broad Band is Fundamental R.     Finland

·         Osama Bin Laden                          Abutabad  (Operation Neptune Spear/Geronimo) 2^ndMay

·         Ashes Cup                                      Cricket

·         Fifa Foot Baller of the Year          Leonil Messy   (Marta àWomen Category)

·         Kim Klisters                                   Tennis Player

·         Burz Dubai                                                Highest Building

·         Kriss Gel                                        Double Century in IPL

·         Ajlan Shah Hockey                                    Winner Australia

·         G-8                                                            France (Devwiley)

·         Rofel Naudal                                 Open Tennis ( 6 Times winner)

·         Japan Winner of women               FIFA Cup

·         Juno Space Craft                           Jupiter (NASA)

·         Maliga First Player to perform Hetrick in ODI  (First Baller)

·         American Open Tennis                 Novac Jokkowiter

·         Miss Universe                               Laila Lopez

·         Steve Jobes                                    Apple

·         Miss World                                    Ivian Lunosal

·         Curiosity                                        Space shuttle to Mars by NASA

·         Spain winner                                 Davis Cup  (Tennis)

·         Russia                                            DUMA     

·         USA                                                SENAT

·         Japan                                             Diet

·         Below Poverty Line                       Rural  à 2100 Cal   Urban à 2400 Cal

·         Suresh Tendulkar Committee for BPL  à Cost of living

·         Caste Census                                 1931  

·         Literacy                                         74%

·         Cyrus Pallonji Mistri                     Chairman TATA Group

·         UID Chairman                               Nandon Nilkeni

·         Damodaran Committee                Bank Improvement

·         Swabhiman                                   To provide Banking in Rural

·         State Bank of Indore                     Dissolves in SBI

·         Logo of Rupee                               D Uday

·         Call Auction                                   15 Minutes earlier auction of shares

·         Mobile Portability                         20 Jan 2011

·         Vivek Exp. Largest Distance Train  (Earlier Himsagar Express)

·         17^th Railway Zone                         Kolkata

·         IMEI                                               International Mobile Equipment Identity

·         CAT                                                Competition Apllete Tribunal

·         Common wealth Chief (egklfpo) Kamlesh Sharma

·         SAARC Chief                                  Fatima Diyana

·         Present Chief Justis                       Kapadia

·         RBI  Governor                               D Subbarao

·         Dr. C Rangarajan                          Economic Cosultant to PM

·         SEM Pitroda                                  Infrastructure, Information & Innovation to PM

·         The sense of an ending                 Julian Barms (Man Booker)

·         Philip Roth                                     Man Booker International 2011

·         The Empire of Old Melodies        Siddharth Mukherjee (Pultizer Award)

·         K Balachander                               Dada Saheb Falke Award

·         Best Film                                       Adan Mite

·         Best Oscar Film                             The Kings of Speech

·         Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratan               Gagan Narang

·         ICC Best Player                             Zonathan Strat

·         Indira Gandhi Award                     Loius Inasiyo

·         Jawahar lal International Understanding Award  à Angela Merkel

·         Mahatma Gandhi International Award  for Peace  à Dalai Lama

·         Fauza Singh                                   Shatayu Dhawak

·         Face Book                                      Juker Berg (Time: Person of the Year)

·         Daniel Schiman                             Quasi Crystal  (Nobel Prize)

·         Vinayak Sen                                   Naxalit Accused

·         9^th January                                     NRI Day

·         8^th March                                      Women Day

·         26^th June                                        Drug Rehabilitation Day

·         26 ^th July                                        Kargil (Vijay Diwas)

·         24 December                                Consumer Day

·         16 December                                Vijay Diwas

·         Appa Sherpa                                  21 times Mt. Everest

·         Anshu Jemenspa                           10 days twice Mt. Everest

·         Earth Our                                      Global Warming (Total countries : 133

·         Project Aero                                  to improve postals

·         SAARC                                           Bhutan (Thimpu)

·         BRICKS                                           Meeting of Health Member of Different Country

§  Sanya City China 14 April 2011

·         Gagan                                            Geo Augmented Navigation (For ATC)

·         WWW                                            Completed 20 years

·         First Space                                     12 April 1961

·         Messenger Space                          Mercury Photographs

·         New Earth                                     Gliese s8lg

·         Space Shuttle Atlantis                   Last Expedition

·         Denis Tito                                      First Space Tourist

·         Madam Tusad Museum                Wax Idols of Personality

·         N Shrinivasan                                BCCI

·         Coach of Indian Team for world cup:       Garry Cristen  (next coach: Duncon Fletcher)

·         ICCI Chief                                      Haroon Largot

·         Baichun Bhutia                              Foot Ball

·         Yuro Cup                                       Foot Ball

·         World Foot Ball Cup                      2010 à South Africa  2014 àBrazil

·         Azlan Shah Cup                             2010 à India and Korea  2011 à Australia

·         World Wrestling Championship   Sushil Kumar

·         Olympics

Norman Pritchard                         1900 : 200 m/200m Hurdle race First Indian to get 2 silver

in Olympics (But International Olympic union account it for England)

National Hockey team                                    1928/1932/1936/1948/1952/1956/1964/1980 (Gold

Hockey)

K D Jadhav                                           Bronze medal  1952  (Wrestling)

Leander Pas                                        Bronze 1996

Karnam Maleshwari                           Bronze 2000 ( Women 69 Kg)

Rajyawardhan Singh Rathour             2004

Abhinav Bindra                                   Gold 2008 (10 metre Air Rifle)

Sushil Kumar                                       Bronze  2008

Vijendra Kumar                                   Bronze  2008

Super Computer                                  Japan  (Fastest Computer)

Saga 2020                                           Super Computer DRDO

19^th Common wealth Games              3-14 October 2010

First Gold Medal                                 Nigeria : Augustina Nkem Nudekole  :  48 Kg

Best Player                                          David Dixon

Gold Medal By India                           38

Silver                                                   27

Bronze                                                 36

Gagan Narang                                     04 Gold Medal

16^th Asiad Gwangjho (China)               I^st China  (First and Ninth Asiad India)

ICC World Cup                                                Winner India Runner Srilanka

                                                            Man of tournament:  Yuvraj Singh

                                                            Man of the Match   : Dhoni

·         Income Tax Department               Completed 150 Years

·         Formulae Race in India                 “Indian Grand Prix”  - Winner Sabestian Vaittel

Red Bull Team

·         10^th NRI                                         Jaipur

·         Indian Expedition to Antartica      1. Dakshin Gangotri  2. Maitri  3. Bharti

·         Report on Malnutrition                 Hungama

·         Geography of India                       Tolmy

·         Megasthenes                                Indica

·         Father of Histor                             Hirodatus

·         Astdhyayi                                       Panini

·         Mohanjodado                                Rakhal Das Banerjee

·         Political Guru of S C Bose             Deshbandhu Chitranjan Das

·         Pakistan word was proposed        Choudhari Rahmat Ali

·         A O Hume                                     Hermit of Shimla

·         The distance b/w two longitude   Gore

·         World is divided into                     24 Time Zones

·         Maximum depth                           Meriyana Ditch  (11,033 M)

·         Stramboli                                      Volcano: Bhumadhya Sagar Ka Prakash Stambh

·         Maximum Density  Population     Singapore (Country)

·         Deepest lake of world                   Baikal Lake (1940 m depth)

·         Largest Lake                                  Caspian Sea

·         Highest Lake with salty water      Paigang Lake

·         Largest Mine of Gold                    Ontario

·         Highest Boating Lake                    Titikaka  (3811 M)

·         Argentina                                                  Pampas  (Grassland)

·         Africa and Europe                         Zibraltar Sandhi

·         Africa Grassland                           Savana

·         Largest Desert                              Sahara (84,00,000 sq km) Chaad Lake is in Sahara

·         Gold City                                       Johansberg

·         City of Diamond                            Kimbrel

·         Australlian Native                         Aborigins

·         Tourus Sandhi                               Australia and New guinea

·         Potable water of Earth                 2.5 %

·         Similar Salt level places are         joined by Isohaline

·         Van Lake                                       Highest Salinity (Turkey)

·         Couroulis Effect                            In Northern hemisphere the movement of water current

Is towards right whereas in southern towards left.

·         Tides and Ebbs                              Rising of sea water and moving forward is Tides and falling

back of water is Ebbs. The Effect of Moon Force is double in comparison to sun. High Tide is on Full Moon and New Moon Day (Sun/Moon/Earth are in straight line) and on 7^th or 8^th day they are at right angles therefore low tides occur on this days.  On earth after every 12 Hrs. 26 Min. Tides occur and after every 6 Hrs and 13 Min. occurs ebb. On every day the Tides occur for twice : one due to attraction force of moon and one due to centrifugal force of earth.

·         Southampton (South Africa)         It occurs for Four times (Tides)

·         Sun provides                                  Perm Minute / sq cm 1.94 calorie of energy

·         Chairman Space Centre                G Madhvan Nair

·         Wheat Producing                          First: China    Second:   India

·         Rice Producing                              First : China   Second: India

·         Eskimos                                         Greenland/Canada

·         Bushman                                       Botswana

·         Pigmy                                            Congo Basin

·         Papuans                                         New guinea

·         City of Seven Mountains               Rom (Italy)

·         Pearl of Ant lease                         Cuba

·         Sugar Bowl of the world               Cuba

·         City of air/Garden City                 Chicago (USA)

·         Sorrow of China                            Yauhang River

·         Angel Water Fall                           Caro River

·         Largest Peninsula                          Kazakhstan

·         India is 2.42 % of World and in population 16.7 %

·         Southern Most Point                     Indira Point (Pigmilian Point)

·         Northern Most Point                     Indira Call

·         Western Most Point                      Sir Creeck

·         Eastern Most Point                       Walangu

·         India- China                                   Mac Mohan Line

·         India – Pakistan                             Redcliff Line

·         India – Afganistan                         Durand Line

·         Indian Standard Time                   Allahabad (Mirjapur  82 ½ ⁰ East

·         Gujrat has longest Coastal line     1200 KM

·         Himalaya was replacing               Tithis Sea

·         Arawali Mt.  Highest Peak                        Gurushikhar  (Mt. Abu)

·         Chotanagpur Plateu                      is known as “Bharat ka Rur”

·         Andaman Nicobar                         In Bay of Bengal  (247 islands – Andaman/19-Nicobar)

·         Sea Island in Bay of Bengal à Gangasagar  with new island called New Moor

·         Largest Harbor of UT                    Port Blair

·         Origin of Ganga                            Gangotri Himani

·         Origin of Alaknanada                    Satopanth Himani

·         Gaga river                                                 Padma ( Bangladesh)

·         Bramhaputra                                Jamuna ( (Bangladesh)

·         According to Pact b/w India and Pakistan India can use only 20% of the water of Sindhu

·         Costal Lake of India (Biggest)       Chilka (Odisha)

·         Sweet Water lake                         Wullar Lake

·         Artificial Lake                                Govind Sagar Lake (Punjab)

·         Sambhar and Didwana                 Salt lake

·         Highest Point Lake                        Cholamu Lake

·         Climate of India                            ushana katibandhiya mansooni

·         Weather forecast in India             1875  (Firstly in Shimla à Now Pune)

·         Alluvial Soil                                   Covers 22 % in India

·         Agricultural Land in India             51 %

·         Tilhan Technology Mission           1986

·         Rabi Crop                                      sown   àOct/Nov  harvested à March/April

·         Khariff Crop                                  sown  à June/July  harvested  à Nov/Sept

·         First Iron Plant                              Kulti (WB) 1874

·         Cotton Cloth                                  1818 Kolkata   (Fort Glaster)

·         Mumbai                                        Capital of Cotton Clothes

·         Kanpur                                           Manchester of Northern India

·         Coimbtore                                     Manchester of Southern India

·         Boston Of India                             Ahmedabad

·         Gold Fibre                                     Jute   (1859  à Rishra  (Kolkota)

·         Cement                                         1824 Britain   Portland

·         In India Cement Factory               1904  Madras

·         ACC (Associate Cement Co.)         1936

·         Super Phosphate                           1906  Tamil Nadu (Ranepet)

·         Indian Fertilizer Department        1951  (Largest Factory at Sindri was established in Asia)

·         Paper Mill                                     1716 Near Madras (Trankwar) estd. By William Core

·         Chitranjan Locomotives                26 January 1950

·         Railway Engine                             Jamshedpur  (Jharkhand)

·         Telephone Industry                       Banglore and Roopnarayanpur (Kolkata)

·         Doldrums                                      The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), known by sailors as The Doldrums, is the area encircling the earth near the equator where winds originating in the northern and southern hemispheres come together.

·          Male

The first President of Indian Republic	Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India	Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize	Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress	W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress	Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India	Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India	Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal	Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India	Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India	Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India	C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India	James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S	Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space	Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term	Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India	General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff	Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council	S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic	Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament	Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India	S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics	C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel	Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award	Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister	Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India	Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal	S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief	Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice	Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen	Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra	Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner	Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award	Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine	Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India	Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize	Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet	Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics	Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court	Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot	J.R.D. Tata (1929)

---

Female

The first lady to become Miss World	Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court	Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador	Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India	Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly	Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister	Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government	Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest	Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice	Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress	Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force	Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates	Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot	Durga Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate	Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner	Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner	Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer	Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly	Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State	Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission	Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police	Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge	Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court	Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India	Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General	Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal	P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines	Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer	Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India	Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra	Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award	Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel	Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize	Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna	Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award	Ashpurna Devi
Sport	Cups and Trophies
Hockey	Aga Khan Cup, Begam Rasul Trophy (women's), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady Ratan Tata Trophy (women's), Gurunanak Championship (women's), Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc
Football	Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederation Cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, BC Rai Trophy (National Championship), FIFA World Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, etc.
Cricket	Anthony D' Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenger Cup, CK Naidu Trophy, Cooch - Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar - Border Trophy, GD Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmand Trophy, Hakumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy, Interface Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, Nat West Trophy, Prudential Cup (World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.
Table Tennis	Berna Bellack Cup (men), Corbillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi Cup (women), Rajkumari Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men junior), Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men), etc
Badminton	Aggarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Narang Cup, SR Ruia Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup etc
Basketball	Basalat Jha Trophy, BC Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, SM Arjuna Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup, Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup, Federation Cup etc.
Bridge	Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy, etc
Polo	Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, Prithi Cup, Schneider Cup etc.
Athletics	Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc
Air Racing	Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, Schneider Cup etc
Billiards	Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc
Boxing	Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federation Cup, Val Baker Trophy etc.
Golf	Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President's Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, World Cup etc
Chess	Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Lin Arec City Trophy, World Cup, etc
Horse Racing	Beresford Cup, Blue Raiband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.
Netball	Anantrao Pawar Trophy, etc
Rugby Football	Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc
Shooting	North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Pix etc
Volleyball	Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc
Yatching	America Cup, etc
Highest Award	Bharat Ratna
Highest Gallantry Award	Param Vir Chakra
Longest River in India	The Ganges
Longest Tributary river of India	Yamuna
Largest Lake	Wular Lake, Kashmir
Largest Lake (Saline Water)	Chilka Lake, Orrisa
Largest Man-Made Lake	Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)
Largest Fresh Water Lake	Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh)
Highest Lake	Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand)
Highest Lake	Devatal (Gharhwal)
Highest Peak	Karkoram-2 of K-2(8,611 meters) Highest Peak in the world is Mount Everest which is in Nepal
Largest Populated City	Mumbai
Largest State	Rajasthan
Highest rainfall	Cherrapunhi (426 inches per annum)
Highest Watefall	Gersoppar Waterfall (292 meters high) in Mysore
State wise largest area under forest	Madhya Pradesh
Largest Delta	Sunderbans Delta
Largest River without Delta	Narmada and Tapti
Longest Cantilever Span bridge	Howrah Bridge
Longest River Bridge	Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
Biggest Cave temple	Ellora
Longest Road	Grand Trunk Road
Highest Road	Road at Khardungla,(in Leh-Manali Sector)
Biggest Mosque	Jama Masjid at Delhi
Highest Gateway	Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri (53.6 meters high)
Tallest Statue	Statue of Gomateshwar (17 meters high In Karnataka
Largest Public Sector Bank	State Bank of India
Longest Canal	Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
Largest Dome	Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur
Largest Zoo	Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata)
Largest Museum	India Museum at Kolkata
Longest Dam	Hirakud Dam (Orrisa)
Highest Dam	Bhakra Dam ( 225.5 meters high)
Highest Tower	Kutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high)
Largest Desert	Thar (Rajasthan)
Largest District	Ladakh
Fastest Train	Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal
State with longest coastline	Gujarat
State with longest coastline of South India	Andhra Pradesh
Longest Electric Railway Line	From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
Longest Railway Route	From Jammu to Kanyakumari
Longest Railway Platform	Kharagpur (W. Bengal)
Longest Platform	Kharagpur (West Bengal) 833 meters in Length. It is also the longest railway station in world
Longest Tunnel	Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
Longest Highway	NH-7 which turns from Varanasi to Kanyakumari
Smallest State (Population)	Sikkim
Smallest State (Area)	Goa
Largest State (Area)	Rajasthan
Largest State (Population)	Uttar Pradesh
Densest Populated State	West Bengal
Largest Cave	Amarnath (J&K)
Largest Cave Temple	Kailash Tmeple, Ellora (Maharastra)
Largest Animal Fair	Sonepur (Bihar)
Largest Auditorium	Sri Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai)
Biggest Hotel	Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai)
Largest Port	Mumbai
Largest Gurudwara	Golden Temple, Amritsar
Deepest River Valley	Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
Largest Church	Saint Cathedral (Goa)
Oldest Church	St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala)
Longest River	Ganga (2640 km long)
Longest Beach	Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest Battle Field	Siachin Glacier
Highest Airport	Leh (Laddakh)
Biggest Stadium	Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium, Kolkata
Largest River Island	Majuli (Brahmaputra River, Asom)
Largest Planetarium	Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)

Following are some Important dates of Indian History

Periods			Events/Significance
BC
300-5000			Indus Valley Civilisation
563			Birtd of Gautama Buddha (or 576 BC in some sources)
527-540			Birtd of Mahavir; Nirvana
327-326			Alexander's invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and Europe
313			Accession of Chandragupta Maurya, according to Jain traditions.
305			Defeat of Seleucus at tde hands of Chandragupta Maurya
273-232			Ashoka's reign
261			Conquest of Kalinga
145-101			Reign of Elara, tde Chola king of Sri Lanka
58			Beginning of Vikrami Era
AD
78			Beginning of Saka Era
120			Accession of Kanishka
320			Commencement of Gupta Era, tde golden age of Hindu India
380			Accession of Vikramaditya
405-411			Visit of Chinese traveller Fahien
415			Accession of Kumara Gupta I
455			Accession of Skanda Gupta
606-647			Harshavardhan's reign
712			First invasion in Sindh by Arabs
836			Accession of King Bhoja of Kannauj
985			Accession of Rajaraja tde Chola ruler
998			Accession of Sultan Mahmud
1001			First invasion of India by Mahmud Ghazni who defeated Jaipal, ruler of Punjab.
1025			Destruction of Somnatd Temple by Mahmud Ghazni
1191			First Battle of Tarain
1192			Second Battle of Tarain
1206			Accession of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak to tde tdrone oof Delhi
1210			Deatd of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak
1221			Changez Khan invaded India (Mongol invasion)
1236			Accession of Razia Sultan to tde tdrone of Delhi
1240			Deatd of Razia Sultan
1296			Accession of Ala-ud-Din Khilji
1316			Deatd of Ala-ud-Din Khilji
1325			Accession of Muhammad-bin Tughlaq
1327			Shifting of Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan by tde Tughlaqs
1336			Foundation of Vijayanagar empire in Soutd
1351			Accession of Feroze Shah
1398			Invasion of India by Timur
1469			Birtd of Guru Nank
1494			Accession of Babur in Farghana
1497-98			First Voyage of Vasco de Gama to India (discovery of sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope) I
1526			First Battle of Panipat; Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi; foundation of Mughal dynasty by Babur
1527			Battle of Kanwaha-Babur defeated Rana Sanga
1530			Death of Babur and Accession of Humayun
1539			Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun and became India's empreor
1555			Humayun recaptured the throne of Delhi
1556			Second battle of Panipal
1565			Battle of Talikota
1576			Battle of Haldighati - Rana Pratap defeated by Akbar
1582			Din-e-IIahi founded by Akbar
1600			East India Company established
1605			Death of Akbar and accession of Jehangir
1606			Execution of Guru Arjun Dev
1611			Jehangir marries Nur Jahan
1616			Sir Thomas Roe visits Jehangir
1627			Birth of Shivaji and death of Jehangir
1628			Shah Jahan becomes emperor of India
1631			Death of Mumtaz Mahal
1634			The English permitted to trade in India (in Bengal)
1659			Accession of Aurangzeb, Shahjahan imprisoned
1665			Shivaji imprisoned, by Aurangzeb
1666			Death of Shah Jahan
1675			Execution of Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs
1680			Death of Shivaji
1707			Death of Aurangzeb
1708			Death of Guru Gobind Singh
1739			Nadir Shah Invades India
1757			Battle of Plassey, establishment of British political rule in India at the hands of Lord Clive
1761			Third Battle of Panipat; Shah Alam II becomes India's emperor
1764			Battle of Buxer
1765			Clive appointed Company's Governor of India
1767-69			First Mysore War
1780			Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1780-84			Second Mysore War
1784			Pitt's India Act
1790-92			Third Mysore War
1793			The Permanent Settlement of Bengal
1799			Fouth Mysore War - Death of Tipu Sultan
1802			Treaty of Bassein
1809			Treaty of Amritsar
1829			Practice of Sati Prohibited
1830			Raja Ram Mohan Roy visits England
1833			Death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
1839			Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1839-42			First Afghan War
1845-46			First Anglo-Sikh War
1852			Second Anglo-Burmese War
1853			First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta
1857			The Sepoy Mutiny of First War of Independence
1861			Birth of Rabindranath Tagore
1869			Birth of Mahatma Gandhi
1885			Foundation of Indian National Congress
1889			Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru
1897			Birth of Subhash Chandra Bose
1904			Tibet Expedition
1905			First Battle of Bengal under Lord Curzon
1906			Foundation of Muslim League
1911			Delhi Darbar; King and Queen visit India; Delhi becomes the Capital of India
1914			World War I begins
1916			Lucknow Pact Signed by Muslim League and Congress
1918			World War I ends
1919			Montague-Chemsford Reforms introduced; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar
1920			Khilafat Movement launched
1927			Boycott of Simon Commission; broadcasting started in India
1928			Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
1929			Lord Irwain's Pact; resolution of complete independence passed at Lahore Congress
1930			Civil disobedience movement launched; Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi (6 April, 1930)
1931			Gandhi Irwin Pact
1935			Government of India Act enacted
1937			Provincial Autonomy; Congress forms ministries
1939			Word War II begins (September 1)
1941			Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India and death of Rabindranath Tagore
1942			Arrival of Cripps Mission in India; Quit India Movement launched (August 8)
1943-1944			Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provisional Azad Hind Fauj and Indian National Army; Bengal Famine
1945			Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort; Shimla Conference; World War II ends
1946			British Cabinet Mission visits India; Interim government formed at centre
1947			Division of India; Indian and Pakistan seperate independent dimensions
1948			Mahatma Gandhi assassinated (Jannuary 30); integration of princely states
Organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations
No.	Acronyms		Logo	Agency	Headquarters	Head	Established in
1	FAO			Food and Agriculture Organization	Rome, Italy	José Graziano da Silva	1945
2	IAEA			International Atomic Energy Agency	Vienna, Austria	Yukiya Amano	1957
3	ICAO			International Civil Aviation Organization	Montreal, Canada	Raymond Benjamin	1947
4	IFAD			International Fund for Agricultural Development	Rome, Italy	Kanayo F. Nwanze	1977
5	ILO			International Labour Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Juan Somavía	1946 (1919)
6	IMO			International Maritime Organization	London, United Kingdom	Efthimios E. Mitropoulos	1948
7	IMF			International Monetary Fund	Washington, D.C., USA	Christine Lagarde	1945 (1944)
8	ITU			International Telecommunication Union	Geneva, Switzerland	Hamadoun Touré	1947 (1865)
9	UNESCO			United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	Paris, France	Irina Bokova	1946
10	UNIDO			United Nations Industrial Development Organization	Vienna, Austria	Kandeh Yumkella	1967
11	UPU			Universal Postal Union	Bern, Switzerland	Edouard Dayan	1947 (1874)
12	WB			World Bank	Washington, D.C., USA	Robert B. Zoellick	1945 (1944)
13	WFP			World Food Programme	Rome, Italy	Josette Sheeran	1963
14	WHO			World Health Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Margaret Chan	1948
15	WIPO			World Intellectual Property Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Francis Gurry	1974
16	WMO			World Meteorological Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Alexander Bedritsky	1950 (1873)
17	UNWTO			World Tourism Organization	Madrid, Spain	Taleb Rifai	1974

·         UN celebrating 2012                                             IYC (International Year of Cooperatives)

·         UN Celebrating 2011                                            International Year of Forest and Youth

·         Mental Maths

·         Numbers

Ø  Prime Numbers: A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1 and the number itself.

Ø  Prime Numbers greater than 100 : let p be a given number greater than 100 To find out whether it is prime or not, we use the following method:

Find a whole number nearly greater than the square root of p. Let k >    p. Test whether p is divisible by any prime number less than k. If yes, then p is not a prime number. Otherwise p is prime number

Ex. We have to find whether 191 is a prime number or not.  Now, 14 >   191 Prime Numbers less than 14 are 2,3,5,7,11,13. 191 is not divisible by any of them. So 191 is a prime number.

Ø  Composite numbers: Numbers greater tha 1 which are not prime, are known as composite is number

Ø  Note:  1 is neither prime nor composite

Ø  2 is the only even number which is prime

Ø  There are 25 prime numbers b/w 1 and 100

Ø  Co primes: Two number a and b are said to be co-primes, if their HCF is 1 eg. (2,3), (4,5)

Ø  A number is divisible by 2 : if its unit’s digit is any of 0,2,4,6,8

Ø  Divisibility by 3:  if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3

Ø  Divisibility by 4: If the number formed by last two digit is divisible by 4

Ø  Divisibility by 5: If the unit digit is either 0 or 5

Ø  Divisibility by 6: If it is divisible by 2 and 3

Ø  Divisibility by 8: If the number formed by the last three digits of the given number is divisible by 8

Ø  Divisibility by 9: If the sum of its digits are divisible by 9

Ø  Divisibility by 10: if the number ends with 0

Ø  Divisibility by 11: (sum of the digits at odd place)-(even place)  is either 0 or divisible by 11

Ø  Divisibility by 12: If divisible by 3 and 4

Ø  Divisibility by 14: If divisible by 2 and 7

Ø  Divisibility by 15 : if divisible by 3 and 5

Ø  Divisibility by 16: If the number formed by last for digits is divisible by 16

Ø  Divisibility by 24: If divisible by both 3 and 8

Ø  Divisibility by 40: if it is divisible by both 5 and 8

Ø  Divisibility by 80: if it is divisible by both 5 and 16

Ø  If a number is divisible by p as well q, where p and q are co-primes, then the given number is divisible by pq

If p and q are not co-primes then the given number need not be divisible by pq even when it is divisible by both p and q

      Multiplication by SHORT CUT METHODS

1.      Multiplication by Distributive Law:

a x (b+c)  = axb   + axc

a x (b-c)  = axb  - axc

2.      Multiplication of a Number by 5ⁿ : Put n zeros to the right of the multiplicand and divide the number so formed by 2ⁿ

Example : 975436 x 625  = 975436  x 5⁴  = 9754360000/16

      (a+b)²  = a² + b² + 2ab

      (a-b)² = a² + b² - 2ab

      (a+b)² –(a-b)² = 4ab

      (a+b) ² + (a-b) ² = 2(a² +b²)

      (a² - b²) = (a₊b) (a-b)

      (a+b+c) ²  = a² + b² + c² + 2 (ab+ bc+ca)

      (a³ + b³) = (a+b)(a²-ab+b²)

      (a³ –b³) = (a-b) (a²+ab+b²)

      (a³+b³+c³ -3abc) = (a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²-ab-bc-ca)

      If a + b + c  = 0 , then a³+b³+c³ = 3abc

      1 +2+3+…..+n   = n(n+1)/2

      1²+2²+3²+….+n²   =   n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

      1³+2³ +3³….+n³  = n²(n+1)²/4

       

HCF AND LCM OF NUMBERS

Ø  Factors and Multiples: If a number a divides another number b exactly, we say that a is a factor of b. In this case, b is called a multiple of a

Ø  HCF or Greatest Common Measure or Greatest Common Divisor:  is the greatest number that divides each of them exactly.

      Factorization Method: Express each one of the given numbers as the product of Prime Factors. The product of least powers of common prime factors gives HCF

      Division Method: Suppose we have to find the HCF of two given numbers. Divide the larger number by the smaller one. Now, divide the divisor by the remainder. Repeat the process of dividing the preceding number by the remainder last obtained till zero is obtained as remainder. The last divisor number is required HCF.

      Finding the HCF of more than two numbers: Suppose we have to find the HCF of three numbers. Then, HCF of (any two ) and the third numbers gives the HCF of three numbers.

Ø  Least Common Multiple:  The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given numbers is called their LCM

      Factorization Method: Resolve each one of the given numbers into a product of prime factors. Then, LCM is the product of highest powers of all the factors.

      Common Division Method:  Arrange the given numbers in a row in any order. Divide by a number which divides exactly at least two of the given numbers and carry forward the numbers which are not divisible. Repeat the above process till no two of the numbers are divisible by the same number except 1 The product of the divisors and the undivided numbers is the required LCM of the given numbers.

Ø  Products of two numbers  = Product of their HCF and LCM

Ø  HCF and LCM of Fractions:

      HCF  =  HCF of Numerators/ LCM of denominators

      LCM  = LCM of Numerators/HCF of denominators

Ø  HCF and LCM of Decimal Fractions: In a given numbers, make the same number of decimal places by annexing zeros in some numbers, if necessary. Considering these numbers without decimal point, find HCF or LCM as the case may be. Now, in the result, mark off as many decimal places as are there in each of the given numbers

Ø  Comparison of fraction: Find the LCM of the denominators of the given fractions, Convert each of the fractions into an equivalent fractions with LCM as the denominator by multiplying both the numerator and denominator by the same number. The resultant fraction with the greatest numerator is the greatest.

·         Average

Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr & an equal distance at y km/hr

Average speed   = 2xy/(x+y)

Average of First n natural number   =  n(n+1)/2n                        = n+1/2

Mean of square of 1² 2², 3² ……n²    =  n(n+1)(2n+1)/6